linux搭建dns服务器安装（linux配置dns三种方式）
RHEL 7 上安装DNS可以实现域名与IP的双向解析，即通过域名可以找到主机IP，也可以通过IP找到域名。在postfix搭建邮件服务器中，需要用到DNS正向解析与反向解析，因此DNS服务器大有可为。
首先需要安装bind，它是named服务的依赖，我们搭建DNS服务器就是要使用named服务，无需像有些文章所说的安装bind-chroot，另外我们需要通过一些命令比如nslookup,dig来检验我们的DNS服务是否正常，我们需要安装bind-utils，整个DNS服务器的安装，就只需要安装bind、bind-utils，剩下的就是配置正向解析与反向解析。
1.安装bind、bind-utils
[root@OpsNote ~]# yum install -y bind bind-utils
已加载插件：langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
aa | 4.1 kB 00:00:00
软件包 32:bind-utils-9.9.4-14.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 bind.x86_64.32.9.9.4-14.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
bind x86_64 32:9.9.4-14.el7 aa 1.8 M
事务概要
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：1.8 M
安装大小：4.3 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 32:bind-9.9.4-14.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : 32:bind-9.9.4-14.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-14.el7
完毕！
[root@OpsNote ~]# systemctl is-active named
inactive
[root@OpsNote ~]# 2.配置/etc/named.conf
vim /etc/named.conf #编辑配置文件
10 options {
11 listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; #127.0.0.1更改为any
12 listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
13 directory "/var/named";
14 dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
15 statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
16 memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
17 allow-query { localhost; }; #localhost更改为any3.配置/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
增加一个正向解析与一个反向解析的配置，可以拷贝其他的zone 配置，如下所示opsnote.com和68.168.192.in-addr.arpa两个zone是新增的
4.创建正向和反向文件
拷贝/var/named/目录下named.localhost和named.loopback分别为我们在named.rfc1912.zones中设置的正向解析文件opsnote和反向解析文件opsnote.zone，注意文件名的对应
[root@OpsNote ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@OpsNote named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@OpsNote named]# cp -p named.localhost opsnote
[root@OpsNote named]# cp -p named.loopback opsnote.zone
[root@OpsNote named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback opsnote opsnote.zone slaves
[root@OpsNote named]#5.修改正向和反向文件
修改opsnote文件
[root@OpsNote named]# cat opsnote
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA opsnote.com. rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
AAAA ::1
NS ns.opsnote.com.
ns IN A 192.168.10.135
www IN A 192.168.10.201
ftp IN A 192.168.10.202
[root@OpsNote named]#修改opsnote.zone文件
[root@OpsNote named]# cat opsnote.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA opsnote.com. rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
AAAA ::1
PTR localhost.
NS ns.opsnote.com.
ns A 192.168.68.135
201 PTR www.opsnote.com.
202 PTR ftp.opsnote.com.
[root@OpsNote named]#注意：named配置文件在/etc目录下，而正向解析与反向解析文件均在/var/named文件夹下
6.更改正向和反向文件所有者
反向解析文件server.com.local的所属组不是named，那么将其修改为named
[root@OpsNote named]# ll
总用量 24
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 data
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 dynamic
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 2076 1月 28 2013 named.ca
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 12月 15 2009 named.empty
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 6月 21 2007 named.localhost
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 12月 15 2009 named.loopback
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 285 9月 10 16:03 opsnote
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 307 9月 10 16:05 opsnote.zone
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 slaves
[root@OpsNote named]# chown named opsnote opsnote.zone
[root@OpsNote named]# ll
总用量 24
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 data
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 dynamic
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 2076 1月 28 2013 named.ca
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 12月 15 2009 named.empty
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 6月 21 2007 named.localhost
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 12月 15 2009 named.loopback
-rw-r-----. 1 named named 285 9月 10 16:03 opsnote
-rw-r-----. 1 named named 307 9月 10 16:05 opsnote.zone
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 1月 29 2014 slaves
[root@OpsNote named]# 7.启动服务
[root@OpsNote named]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
domain localdomain
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.68.135
[root@OpsNote named]# systemctl start named
[root@OpsNote named]# firewall-cmd --add-service=dns
success
[root@OpsNote named]# 8.测试
在另外一台rhel 7（192.168.68.131）上面配置好DNS:192.168.68.135，测试
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.68.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.68.255
inet6 fe80::4c67:9a21:2e77:422a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:56:1a:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1674 bytes 1732919 (1.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 607 bytes 70284 (68.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.68.135
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.68.135 -c1
PING 192.168.68.135 (192.168.68.135) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.68.135: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.60 ms
--- 192.168.68.135 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.609/1.609/1.609/0.000 ms
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.opsnote.com
Server: 192.168.68.135
Address: 192.168.68.135#53
Name: www.opsnote.com
Address: 192.168.10.201
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup ftp.opsnote.com
Server: 192.168.68.135
Address: 192.168.68.135#53
Name: ftp.opsnote.com
Address: 192.168.10.202
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup ns.opsnote.com
Server: 192.168.68.135
Address: 192.168.68.135#53
Name: ns.opsnote.com
Address: 192.168.10.135
[root@localhost ~]#