python自动化测试selenium核心技术三种等待方式详解
这篇文章主要为大家介绍了python自动化测试selenium的核心技术三种等待方式示例详解,有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下,希望能够有所帮助,祝大家多多进步早日升职加薪
目录
1 使用python自带模块time的sleep方式
2 隐式等待(implicitly_wait)
3 显示等待(WebDriverWait)
UI自动化测试过程中,可能会出现因测试环境不稳定、网络慢等情况,如果不做任何处理的话,会出现无法定位到特定元素而报错,导致自动化测试无法顺利执行。
selenium官网手册:Waits | Selenium
slenium自动化测试中,主要涉及三种等待方式:
1 使用python自带模块time的sleep方式
缺点:即使网络条件较好时,依旧按照预定固定时间等待,一般不建议使用,脚本调试可使用。
示例脚本:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep class TestWait( object ): driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(http: / / www.baidu.com) def test_sleep( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "sleep test" ) # sleep(2) #等待固定时间 self .driver.implicitly_wait( 2 ) # 隐式等待 self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : wait = TestWait() wait.test_sleep() |
2 隐式等待(implicitly_wait)
隐式等待设置的时间是最长的时间,如果在规定时间内网页加载完成,则执行下一步,否则一直等到时间结束,然后执行下一步。
注意:隐式等待对driver整个周期都起作用,一般在最开始设置一次就可以了。不要当做固定等待,哪里都设置隐式等待。
示例脚本:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep class TestWait( object ): driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(http: / / www.baidu.com) def test_sleep( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "sleep test" ) self .driver.implicitly_wait( 2 ) # 隐式等待 self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : wait = TestWait() wait.test_sleep() |
3 显示等待(WebDriverWait)
显式等待允许等待条件的发生,所以非常适合在浏览器及其DOM和WebDriver脚本之间同步状态。
需要引入包:from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
WebDriverWait参数说明:
WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)
两种方法:until和util_not
场景:
打开百度首页,等待页面标题出现:百度一下,你就知道,再执行输入搜索关键词,点击“百度一下”按钮。
示例脚本:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec class TestWait( object ): def setup( self ): self .driver = webdriver.Chrome() self .driver.get(http: / / www.baidu.com) def test_webdreiverwait( self ): webdreiverwaits = WebDriverWait( self .driver, 2 ) webdreiverwaits.until(ec.title_is( "百度一下,你就知道" )) self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "test_webdreiverwait test" ) self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() def teardown( self ): self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : wait = TestWait() wait.test_webdreiverwait() |
三种等待完整示例脚本:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec class TestWait( object ): def setup( self ): self .driver = webdriver.Chrome() self .driver.get( "http://www.baidu.com" ) def test_sleep( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "sleep test" ) sleep( 2 ) #等待固定时间 self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() def test_implicitly( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "implicitly test" ) self .driver.implicitly_wait( 2 ) # 隐式等待 self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() def test_webdreiverwait( self ): webdreiverwaits = WebDriverWait( self .driver, 2 ) webdreiverwaits.until(ec.title_is( "百度一下,你就知道" )) self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "test_webdreiverwait test" ) self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() def teardown( self ): self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : wait = TestWait() # wait.test_sleep() # wait.test_implicitly() wait.test_webdreiverwait() |
【常见问题】:运行脚本报empty suite:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep class TestWait( object ): def __init__( self ): self .driver = webdriver.Chrome() self .driver.get( 'http://www.baidu.com' ) def test_sleep( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( "kw" ).send_keys( "sleep test" ) # sleep(2) #等待固定时间 self .driver.implicitly_wait( 2 ) # 隐式等待 self .driver.find_element_by_id( "su" ).click() self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : wait = TestWait() wait.test_sleep() |
【解决方法】:脚本修改
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait class TestCase( object ): def setup( self ): self .driver = webdriver.Chrome() self .driver.get( 'http://www.baidu.com' ) # sleep(2) def test_sleep( self ): self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'kw' ).send_keys( 'selenium' ) # sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'su' ).click() # sleep(3) def test_implicitly( self ): self .driver.implicitly_wait( 10 ) self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'kw' ).send_keys( 'selenium' ) # sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'su' ).click() # sleep(3) def test_wait( self ): wait = WebDriverWait( self .driver, 2 ) wait.until(EC.title_is( '百度一下,你就知道' )) self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'kw' ).send_keys( 'selenium' ) # sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait self .driver.find_element_by_id( 'su' ).click() # sleep(3) def teardown( self ): self .driver.quit() if __name__ = = '__main__' : case = TestCase() # case.test_sleep() # case.test_implicitly() case.test_wait() |
以上:极客时间课程:selenium自动化测试学习总结!
以上就是python自动化测试selenium核心技术三种等待方式详解的详细内容
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/aovenus/article/details/121192001